Characteristics of the sample were described by means (standard deviation) and frequency (%). At baseline, two VMS groups – any or none – were compared for group differences in, and associations among, demographics (age, race/ethnicity, education), quality of life (SF-36 score), and clinical characteristics (weight, hip and waist circumference, menopausal status, fat mass, fat free mass, skeletal mass), and VMS was estimated using chi square test (x dos ) for categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. A scatter plot matrix was used to examine linear correlations among variables. For the purposes of modelling, LBM is represented by the SMI variable. Additionally, to account for the nonindependence of longitudinal observations derived from the same woman and data in which the number of observations may differ across women, longitudinal modeling using SAS PROC MIXED incorporated a random intercept term to account for the correlated errors among repeated measures of the same woman. Missing values of time-varying variables were interpolated based on prior and subsequent values for gaps of one to two visits as in previous SWAN analyses . To assess Hstep 1, incident VMS was modeled as a function of concurrent LBM using logistic regression analysis. To address H2 regarding long term change in LBM, the model was expanded to add within-woman percent change in LBM since baseline and to address H3, regarding recent change in LBM, the model was expanded to add within-woman percent change in LBM since prior visit (approximately 1 year earlier). The overall association between LBM and VMS was estimated in binary logistic regression models. Statistical analyses were one-tailed with an alpha level of 0.05 and conducted using SAS University Edition (© 2012–2018, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).
Results
At the standard (head to 6) there were 2533 participants staying in new SWAN studies who were normally 52 yrs old and variations in the group qualities are offered when you look at the Dining table step 1. Only feminine reporting zero attacks on baseline (letter = 1179) was indeed included in longitudinal analyses to have VMS that have LBM. From the check out ten there have been 800 female staying in the study.
At baseline, SMI showed a strong positive correlation to FFMI both for symptoms = none (r0 (864) = 0.931, p Table 2 Association of VMS to lean body mass (Odds Ratios)
Predicted odds of symptoms happening during the provided amounts of SMI (adjusted getting FFMI and FMI) in women and no VMS during the check out six (baseline)
Dialogue
Making use of the investigation for this large, multiethnic try from middle-age women about SWAN research, i unearthed that members which have large relative degrees of LBM was in fact less inclined to generate VMS as they transitioned courtesy menopause. This impact try seen to be separate out-of sociodemographic products and you may quantities of lbs mass. Concurrently, given that mediocre age of the participants within studies increased of 52.0 so you can 56.6 many years and the level of women that have been postmenopausal enhanced regarding 40% (n = 430) during the see 6 in order to 72% (n = 733) within go to ten, our very own study was able to file the path due to menopausal transition for many the brand new cohort.
Considerable latest studies have concerned about the new connection away from human body bulk directory (BMI) and you will per cent surplus fat with VMS and also advised a confident relationship ranging from broadening Body mass index together with presence off VMS [30, 32,33,34,thirty-five,36]. Yet not, Body mass index is recognized as a bad predictor of human body size because is a way of measuring excess weight and will not differentiate anywhere between extra fat size and you will fat free bulk . All of our studies checked out the components from body constitution and discovered lean bulk, dependent on each other fat free bulk and you may skeletal muscles, getting a significant affect the chances of development VMS over the years whenever you are however because of the prospective effect off pounds bulk. A recent cross-sectional examination of 758 feminine unearthed that trunk slim size was an independent defensive grounds to possess moderate to really serious menopausal symptoms and you will you to definitely VMS have been on their own connected with higher Bmi and you may lbs size . The underlying systems of your own matchmaking ranging from muscles constitution and you can VMS commonly totally obvious considering the incomplete comprehension of the latest structure out-of VMS .